![]() Great importance had water quality, so most forges were located near mountain rivers and springs. To separate high-quality steel from metal weakened by the presence of slags, oroshigane was forged, cooled in water and crushed, easily breaking out slagged pieces. This process saturated iron with carbon, turning it into raw steel - oroshigane. The resulting raw material was burned, cut into crumbs and burned again. ![]() Iron ore, rich in impurities of tungsten and molybdenum, was mined from satetsu sand. There are several technologies for obtaining high-quality weapon steel for katana. The metal from which the ancient katana is made has a unique layered structure. For example, modern katanas and Shinshinto swords easily cut bamboo bundles, while Shinto blades crumble and Kato crumple. The reason for this difference is not that the traditions of the Kato masters were lost, but that other raw materials were used to produce swords of later eras, affecting fighting qualities weapons. The steel of Shinto and Shinshinto swords is lighter and brighter. The katanas of the Kato era have dark gray blades the best examples have the metal polished to a velvety matte finish. Swords differ both in the texture and color of the blade, and in properties.
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